Farmacia y Bioquímica

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13053/34

Navegar

Mostrando 1 - 20 de 1201

Acceso abierto
Determinación de plomo, cromo y cadmio en témperas de uso escolar comercializadas en la galería “El Portal de Andahuaylas” del Centro de Lima
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2012) Quispe Selarayán, Jessica; Soria Cruz, Jessica Betty; Canales Martínez, César Augusto
Environmental exposure to lead, cadmium, and chromium represents a major public health concern worldwide, particularly affecting children due to their heightened vulnerability to toxic effects. The present study aimed to determine the concentrations of these metals in tempera paints sold at the “El Portal de Andahuaylas” gallery in downtown Lima. For this purpose, 36 samples of primary-color tempera paints (yellow, red, and blue) were collected and analyzed using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry, chosen for its sensitivity. The results showed that all samples contained measurable amounts of lead, cadmium, and chromium. While 100% of the samples complied with the maximum permissible limits (25 mg/kg for lead and 15 mg/kg for cadmium) established by Peruvian Technical Standards (NTP 324.001-1:2009 and NTP 324.001-3:2008), 96% of the samples exceeded the permissible limit for chromium (25 mg/kg). These findings suggest that although lead and cadmium levels are within acceptable ranges, the elevated chromium content poses a potential risk to children who frequently use these products.
Acceso abierto
Metodología de aprendizaje basado en dinámicas participativas sobre el uso racional del medicamento en pobladores del asentamiento humano Saúl Cantoral Huamaní, del distrito de San Juan de Lurigancho
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2012) Condori Romero, Jenny Cristina; Leiva Torres, Melissa Karla; Ramos Cevallos, Norma Julia
This research aimed to determine the learning methodology applied for the rational use of medicines (RUM) in residents of the Saúl Cantoral Huamaní sector, district of San Juan de Lurigancho, and to assess the effectiveness of a participatory dynamics–based approach in improving knowledge of RUM. Promoting this practice in populations with limited social, cultural, and economic resources is a challenging but essential task, as the misuse of medicines can have highly detrimental effects on health, particularly in children. The study population consisted mostly of women (93.33%), with men representing 6.67%. In terms of occupation, the majority were housewives (76.67%), followed by students (10%), workers (3.33%), and schoolteachers (3.33%). The participants also represented a wide range of ages. The results indicated a significant improvement in knowledge, as evidenced by the difference between entry and exit test scores. Knowledge acquisition increased progressively across the four modules, with gains of 20%, 22.7%, 31.5%, and 33.85%, respectively. These results underscore the necessity of incorporating pharmaceutical education into community programs. The study contributed to the development of a manual tailored to the social conditions and educational levels of different groups, providing timely information that improved quality of life and helped prevent self-medication.
Acceso abierto
Efecto de la caigua (Cyclanthera pedata) en personas con diabetes tipo 2 del exfundo Santa Rosa de Lurín, 2012
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2013) Charqui Figueroa, Maritza Sheylam; Parreño Tipián, Juan Manuel
A study was conducted on the efficacy of caigua (Cyclanthera pedata) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, with the aim of reducing hyperglycemia levels. The participants were residents of the former Santa Rosa estate (in the district of Lurín) who presented with this disease. This population, due to its engagement in pig farming and the sale of high-fat products, is at high risk of developing other chronic diseases (cardiovascular risk, retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, etc.). The study included 350 people. Treatment was administered to 37 of them, duly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus by medical staff. Biochemical determination of glycemia was performed using the enzymatic method, and the Student’s t-test and the Kolmogorov test were applied as statistical methods. For the treatment with caigua, a dose of 20 g in the form of salad was administered once a week for a period of 3 months. At the end of this period, it was observed that the 37 patients included in the study showed a decrease in glucose levels. Laboratory determinations before and after were 142.78 mg/dL and 85.15 mg/dL, respectively. As a control group, 5 patients who abandoned the treatment due to work and other activities were considered. Their glucose levels were measured before and after, showing no decrease when compared to those who adhered to the caigua treatment.
Acceso abierto
Influencia de la publicidad en la decisión de compra de productos farmacéuticos antiinflamatorios no esteroideos de venta libre (AINE) en consumidores en Lima Metropolitana durante el mes de setiembre de 2012
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2013) Mayma Aguirre, Carlos Martín; Orellana Torres, Gabriela; Deluich Bobadilla, César Armando
Objective: To determine the influence of advertising on the purchase of over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) among consumers from different districts of Metropolitan Lima. Method: A total of 300 surveys with 11 questions were conducted among individuals who had at some point acquired over-the-counter NSAIDs and who were residents of Metropolitan Lima. Results: Seventy percent indicated that advertising influences their decision to purchase NSAIDs at the pharmacy; 12% consult a pharmacist when buying NSAIDs. Fifty-one percent are unaware that frequent use of NSAIDs causes harm. Furthermore, 45% relate frequent advertising of NSAIDs with greater confidence and safety when purchasing them. Conclusions: Advertising influences consumers when purchasing over-the-counter NSAIDs. Moreover, it was found that pharmacists are not consulted, that the adverse effects of frequent use are unknown, and that frequent advertising conveys trust and security to acquire over-the-counter NSAIDs.
Acceso abierto
Prevalencia de protozoos y nematodos en tubérculos que son consumidos crudos, expendidos por los agricultores del distrito de Ate, 2012
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2013) Sifuentes Rosales, Dianne Lindsay; Guillen Zavaleta, Zoila Flor
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of protozoa and nematodes in raw-consumed tubers such as Raphanus sativus (radish), Daucus carota (carrot), Beta vulgaris (beet), and Brassica napus (turnip), sold by farmers in the district of Ate in June 2012. Eighty samples from 20 cultivation fields were analyzed through direct examination and centrifugation methods. The results showed that 78.75% of the samples were positive for protozoa and nematodes. The identified species included Acanthamoeba sp., Balantidium coli, Naegleria sp., Strongyloides stercoralis, Toxocara canis, free-living amoebae, ciliates, Endolimax nana, Vorticella sp., and nematodes sp. Among the analyzed tubers, radish (Raphanus sativus) was the most contaminated. The main contamination factors were clay soils, irrigation water from stagnant canal sources, and washing tubers with the same stagnant canal water prior to commercialization. In conclusion, the high prevalence of contamination represents a considerable infection risk for consumers of these tubers in the district of Ate. The findings suggest the need to reinforce sanitary surveillance before these products are distributed to the population.
Acceso abierto
Seroprevalencia de Helicobacter pylori y factores asociados en escolares de la Institución Educativa N.° 0026 Ate (Lima) en diciembre de 2011
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2013) Huamaní Cárdenas, Cupper Ángel; Sánchez Paredes, José Luis; Guardamino Espinoza, Orlando Placido
The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori and associated factors in schoolchildren from Educational Institution No. 0026 in Ate (Lima) in December 2011. A prospective, cross-sectional, observational, and descriptive study was conducted in a sample of 106 children, aged 6 to 11 years, randomly selected and of both sexes. Data were collected using an epidemiological form and analyzed with SPSS version 20.0 and Microsoft Excel. The qualitative detection of IgG antibodies against Helicobacter pylori was carried out using a chromatographic immunoassay on whole blood obtained by direct finger prick. The results revealed a seroprevalence of 67% for Helicobacter pylori infection. The prevalence increased with age but was not related to gender. Significant associations were found between seroprevalence and lack of water and sewage services at home, poor handwashing habits, and having parents with gastroduodenal diseases. In contrast, sharing a bedroom and low hematocrit levels showed no association with infection. It is concluded that there is a high seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in this school population. The prevalence increases with age, reaching high levels within the first decade of life, with no differences between sexes. Furthermore, risk factors associated with the infection include poor hygiene practices, lack of basic sanitation, and the presence of gastroduodenal diseases in cohabiting family members.
Acceso abierto
Indicadores del sistema de distribución de medicamentos en dosis unitaria (SDMDU) en la Clínica Internacional, sede Lima, julio–diciembre 2012
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2013) Córdova Huaynates, Lizeth Karina; Jiménez Fuertes, Alicia María; Caldas Herrera, Emma
The present research work, entitled Indicators of the Unit Dose Drug Distribution System (UDDDS) at Clínica Internacional, Lima site, July–December 2012, aims to determine the indicators of the Unit Dose Drug Distribution System (UDDDS), considering as the study population the hospitalized patients served through this system, by analyzing the information generated and stored by the service in its unit dose database. Using an observational, descriptive, prospective, and longitudinal research design with data from July to December 2012, the integrity, accuracy, and suitability of the UDDDS database were evaluated, and a descriptive statistical analysis was constructed, in percentage terms, with the indicators that could be obtained, resulting in the following: - Coverage indicator: 90.43%. - Pharmacotherapeutic follow-up indicator: 2.6%. - Drug-related problems (DRP) indicator: 7.1%. - Pharmaceutical interventions indicator: 100%. - Reported safety adverse drug reactions (ADR) indicator: 10 cases. - Dispensing errors indicator: 2.4%. It is concluded that the evaluation of the database demonstrated integrity and accuracy, and it was possible to construct 6 of the 8 indicators established in the Technical Standard and proposed in the project, since two of them could not be assessed due to lack of access (either by restrictions or by proprietary rights of the clinic as a hospital center) to the necessary data.
Acceso abierto
Tratamiento con ensalada de caigua (Cyclanthera pedata) a mujeres adultas con hipertrigliceridemia en el caserío Santa Rosa, distrito de Lurín (Lima), 2011
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2013) Campos Torres, Maximino; Quintana Márquez, Nelcy Ovalda; Parreño Tipián, Juan Manuel
This prospective, analytical, longitudinal, and quasi-experimental study evaluated the use of Cyclanthera pedata (caigua) salad as an alternative treatment for hypertriglyceridemia in adult women. The study included 85 women aged 30 to 62 years from the Santa Rosa community in the district of Lurín, selected from a total population of 600 women. Initial triglyceride levels among participants ranged from 178.13 to 326.58 mg/dl. For two months, from February to April 2011, the women consumed 30 grams of caigua salad once a week, on an empty stomach. Triglyceride levels were measured before and after treatment using an enzymatic method. The post-treatment results showed a favorable reduction, with triglyceride concentrations falling between 89.02 and 195.44 mg/dl. Statistical analysis with the Wilcoxon non-parametric test confirmed a significant difference, indicating a 78% decrease. The mean triglyceride level dropped from 235.14 mg/dl before treatment to 134.64 mg/dl after treatment. These findings highlight the beneficial effect of caigua salad as an alternative therapy for hypertriglyceridemia, supporting its potential role in dietary interventions for cardiovascular risk reduction.
Acceso abierto
Evaluación de la toxicidad aguda del extracto hidroalcohólico de hojas frescas de Mutisia acuminata R. & P. “chinchilcuma” en cerebros y cerebelos de ratas albinas cepa Holtzmann
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2013) Fortuna García, Edgar Fernando; Chávez Flores, Juana Elvira
The plant species Mutisia acuminata R. & P. “chinchilcuma,” collected in the community of Huaruccña (located at 3200 m.a.s.l.), district of Coracora, province of Parinacochas, department of Ayacucho (Peru), was taken to the Pharmacology Laboratory of the Norbert Wiener Private University in June 2011 for the evaluation of the acute toxicity of the hydroalcoholic extract of fresh leaves in Holtzman albino rats. In the phytochemical analysis, the presence of eight metabolites was determined. For the lethality test (5000 mg/kg, LD50), 20 rats were administered, via intragastric route and in a single dose, different volumes of the extract according to their body weight. Four rats were only given distilled water. The experimental animals were kept under observation for 14 days, at the end of which no signs of toxicity, alteration of the growth curve of the species, or death of any animal were detected. On day 15, euthanasia was performed, and the encephalic organs were removed to carry out the anatomopathological analysis of brain and cerebellum tissues. No macroscopic lesions were found. Microscopic observations revealed mild, moderate, and severe edema; mild congestion in one female rat; and severe congestion in one male rat. According to the Globally Harmonized System (GHS), the hydroalcoholic extract of the evaluated botanical species at 5000 mg/kg is considered “practically non-toxic.”
Acceso abierto
Efecto gastroprotector del extracto hidroalcohólico de las hojas de Mutisia acuminata R. & P. "Chinchilcuma"
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2013) Borja Bartolo, Kely; Chávez Flores, Juana Elvira
The increase in the commercialization of adulterated medicines and the lack of control in the Peruvian pharmaceutical market pose risks to patients’ health. The objective of the present work is to contribute to the control and sanitary surveillance of amoxicillin in film-coated tablets. Amoxicillin was chosen as the sample because it is an essential medicine, and three aspects were evaluated: first, the origin of the medicine, using checklists based on Supreme Decrees No. 014-2011/SA and 016-2011/SA. Second, the physicochemical evaluation of medicines of dubious and reliable origin was carried out, taking as reference the monograph of Amoxicillin Tablets, the general chapters <905> and <1151> of the United States Pharmacopeia 35. Third, the behavior of amoxicillin after being subjected to accelerated partial-time stability conditions was evaluated according to Sanitary Directive No. 031-MINSA/DIGEMID, which regulates stability studies of medicines. The reliable-origin sample complied with the requirements of Supreme Decrees No. 014-2011/SA and 016-2011/SA. The dubious-origin samples (DOS) 2 and 3 complied with the requirements of Supreme Decree No. 016-2011/SA, whereas DOS1 did not; the establishments from which the dubious-origin samples were taken did not comply with the requirements of Supreme Decree No. 014-2011/SA. In the physicochemical analysis, the samples met the acceptance criteria of USP 35 and of Sanitary Directive No. 031-MINSA/DIGEMID. It is concluded that amoxicillin marketed in non-pharmaceutical and pharmaceutical establishments meets the physicochemical acceptance criteria and is stable under accelerated partial-time stability conditions; however, the non-pharmaceutical establishments did not comply with the requirements of Supreme Decrees No. 014-2011/SA and No. 016-2011/SA.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de plomo y cadmio por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica en leche cruda de bovino en establos lecheros del distrito de Chancay – Huaral, 2013
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2013) Mendoza Oscorima, Yeni Guisela; Medina Pillaca, Carlos Antonio; Canales Martínez, César Augusto
Milk is regarded as an almost complete food and constitutes the main element of the daily diet, as it provides proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and essential minerals. This study aimed to determine the presence of lead and cadmium in raw bovine milk from dairy farms in the district of Chancay, province of Huaral. Thirty raw milk samples were obtained from five dairy farms in different populated centers of Chancay. The samples were analyzed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry following microwave-assisted digestion. The results showed that the average concentration of lead was 0.0186 mg/kg, below the limit established by WHO (0.02 mg/kg). However, 10 of the 30 samples (33.3%) exceeded this limit. The average cadmium concentration was 0.338 mg/kg, surpassing the Romanian Standard (0.01 mg/kg), with all 30 samples (100%) above the permissible level. In conclusion, this study underscores the importance of regularly monitoring lead and cadmium levels in milk across different regions of Peru.
Acceso abierto
Estudio de utilización de antimicrobianos restringidos en apendicitis aguda en el servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica del Hospital San Bartolomé durante el periodo de enero a julio de 2010
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2013) Juárez Moreyra, Enrique; Salazar Tuanama, Rita Haydee
Acute appendicitis is the inflammation of the cecal or vermiform appendix, which begins with obstruction of the appendiceal lumen, resulting in increased intraluminal pressure due to mucus accumulation associated with the low elasticity of the serosa. Clinically, it is divided into complicated appendicitis: perforated, gangrenous appendix, or periapendicular abscess with subsequent compromise of adjacent structures; and uncomplicated appendicitis: absence of perforation, gangrene, or periapendicular abscess. The prophylactic use of antimicrobials directly reduces hospital stay by providing adequate protection to the patient with a single dose of medication, avoiding the prolonged intrahospital stay implied by extended treatment regimens, and also reduces the incidence of infectious complications, resulting in shorter hospitalization. In antimicrobial treatment, cephalosporins (18.8%), aminoglycosides (27.2%), nitroimidazoles (30.4%), lincosamides (15.2%), amphenicols (7.9%), and penicillins (0.5%) were used. The most commonly used antimicrobial was metronidazole (costing 91.76 nuevos soles), representing 30.4% of the total antimicrobials. The most frequently used restricted antimicrobials were metronidazole 500 mg (ampoule), cefotaxime 500 mg (ampoule), and ceftazidime 1 g (ampoule). An evaluation was made of the different antimicrobials in terms of cost and quantities. Analytical monitoring of leukocyte levels was carried out to determine inflammation and diagnose the patient with acute appendicitis. Out of a total of 77 pediatric patients treated for acute appendicitis at the San Bartolomé Hospital from January to June 2010, distributed by sex (41 male patients and 36 female), it was found that the most affected age group was 6 to 10 years, representing 46% of cases.
Acceso abierto
Efecto del extracto hidroalcohólico de hojas frescas de Mutisia acuminata R. & P. “chinchilcuma” en la hiperplasia benigna prostática inducida por el alcohol etílico en ratas
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2013) Abarca Caqui, Aida Verónica; Chávez Flores, Juana Elvira
In the present research work, the effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of fresh leaves of Mutisia acuminata R. & P. (“Chinchilcuma”) was evaluated in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) induced by ethyl alcohol in Holtzmann strain rats. To determine the secondary metabolites of this plant species, the hydroalcoholic extract of fresh leaves of Mutisia acuminata R. & P. was employed. The species was collected in January 2011 in the community of Huaruccña, located at 3200 meters above sea level, in the district of Coracora, province of Parinacochas, department of Ayacucho, Peru. A phytochemical study was conducted, including solubility tests, phytochemical analysis, and structural elucidation using spectroscopic methods (UV/Vis and IR), which revealed the presence of a secondary metabolite: a flavonoid of the flavonol type. To verify the effect of the hydroalcoholic extract, benign prostatic hyperplasia was induced in the experimental animals through ethyl alcohol administration for 65 days. Morphological parameters of the prostate gland showed that treatment with 150 mg/kg of the extract achieved 38.5% efficacy in reducing prostate weight, with results comparable to those obtained with finasteride at 5 mg/kg (36.5%) and Cefasabal® at 25 mg/kg (32.7%). Biochemical analysis of acid phosphatase indicated a reduction in the group treated with 150 mg/kg of extract (0.014 ng/dL) compared with the BPH group (0.017 ng/dL). Immunological analyses showed that the group treated with 150 mg/kg of extract had free testosterone levels of 0.9 pg/dL compared to 1.0 ng/dL in the BPH group, while prostate-specific antigen free (PSAL) levels were 0.005 ng/dL in the treated group versus 0.008 ng/dL in the BPH group. Histopathological sections of the group treated with 150 mg/kg of extract revealed fewer features of BPH, yielding results similar to those observed with the synthetic drugs Cefasabal® at 25 mg/kg and finasteride at 5 mg/kg.
Acceso abierto
Incidencia de enterobacterias productoras de betalactamasas de espectro extendido en pacientes atendidos en el Hospital de Emergencias José Casimiro Ulloa, en el año 2011
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2013) Pisconte Zúñiga, César Augusto; Herencia Torres, Victor Reynaldo
This study is a descriptive, retrospective, and observational analysis. The sample consisted of all confirmed cases of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in patients attended at the José Casimiro Ulloa Emergency Hospital during 2011. Data collection was carried out using records from the Clinical Analysis Laboratory of the Clinical Pathology Department at José Casimiro Ulloa Emergency Hospital, as well as from the Surgery, Medicine, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Intermediate Care Unit (IMCU), Traumatology services, and outpatients. The incidence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae was calculated as a percentage, considering the microorganism species, type of sample, originating service, and care conditions. During the year, 751 Enterobacteriaceae isolates were obtained, of which 60 were confirmed as ESBL-producing cases (8%). The most common species were Escherichia coli (83.8%, 629 isolates), Enterobacter aerogenes (3.5%, 26 isolates), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (2.0%, 15 isolates), compared to the total isolates. Among the confirmed cases, the percentages were: Escherichia coli, 8.4% (53/629 isolates); Klebsiella pneumoniae, 20.0% (3/15 isolates); and Enterobacter aerogenes, 7.7% (2/26 isolates). The majority of confirmed ESBL cases were from outpatients, representing 75.0% (45 cases), whereas hospitalized patients accounted for 25.0% (15 cases). At the hospital service level, Surgery had the highest percentage of confirmed ESBL cases (33.3%), followed by Medicine (26.7%) and the ICU (20%). The incidence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in patients attended at José Casimiro Ulloa Emergency Hospital during 2011 was low, at 8% (60/751), compared to data from studies conducted in other countries, but very similar to other national studies. An association was found between the bacterial species producing ESBL and results reported in other studies conducted in Latin America.
Acceso abierto
Análisis fisicoquímico en condiciones normales y de estabilidad acelerada de amoxicilina tabletas recubiertas de fiable y dudosa procedencia en el Cercado de Lima, diciembre de 2012
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2013) Santiago Valverde, Frank Eleazar; Torres Aguirre, Milagros Jacqueline; Chávez Fernández, Ana María
The increasing commercialization of adulterated medicines and the lack of adequate regulatory control in the Peruvian pharmaceutical market represent a risk to patient health. This study aimed to contribute to the control and sanitary surveillance of amoxicillin film-coated tablets. Amoxicillin was selected as the study sample because it is classified as an essential medicine. Three main aspects were evaluated. First, the origin of the medicines was analyzed using checklists based on Supreme Decrees No. 014-2011/SA and No. 016-2011/SA. Second, the physicochemical properties of medicines from both reliable and questionable sources were assessed according to the Amoxicillin Tablets monograph and general chapters <905> and <1151> of the United States Pharmacopeia (USP 35). Third, the stability behavior of amoxicillin was evaluated under partial accelerated stability conditions following Health Directive No. 031-MINSA/DIGEMID. The results showed that the sample from a reliable source complied with all requirements of the Supreme Decrees. Questionable source samples 2 and 3 met the requirements of Supreme Decree No. 016-2011/SA, while sample 1 did not. Furthermore, the establishments from which questionable samples were collected failed to comply with Supreme Decree No. 014-2011/SA. All samples, however, complied with USP 35 acceptance criteria and the national directive regarding physicochemical quality and stability. In conclusion, although amoxicillin marketed in both pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical establishments met physicochemical quality standards and demonstrated stability under accelerated conditions, non-pharmaceutical establishments failed to comply with current Peruvian regulatory requirements.
Acceso abierto
Clima organizacional percibido por los trabajadores del área de almacén central de boticas Inkafarma, Lima, julio de 2013
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2013) Balabarca Padilla, Ketty Rocio; Sánchez Angulo, Jimmy Antonio; Montalvo Obregón, Julio Gaudencio
The research entitled “Organizational Climate Perceived by the Workers of the Central Warehouse of Boticas Inkafarma, Lima, July 2013” had the main objective of determining the level of Organizational Climate within the institution. The study included 293 employees from various areas of the Central Warehouse who worked in July 2013 and voluntarily participated. This was a descriptive and observational study. Data collection was carried out using the Organizational Climate questionnaire, designed and validated by the Health Quality Directorate of the Ministry of Health of Peru (2011). The instrument evaluates three levels of Organizational Climate: unhealthy, needs improvement, and healthy. The analysis showed that employees perceived the organizational climate as “Needs improvement.” Specifically, in the Human Potential dimension, the most problematic aspects were reward, leadership, and innovation. In the Organizational Structure dimension, remuneration and decision-making were the most unfavorable indicators. In the Organizational Culture dimension, the most adverse factors were motivation, conflict, and cooperation. Likewise, among the different warehouse areas, the Inbound area presented the most adverse perception, followed by the Central Warehouse, Exchange, Dispatch, and Outbound. In conclusion, the study determined that the organizational climate of the Central Warehouse at Boticas Inkafarma in July 2013 was perceived as “Needs improvement.” The research provides valuable information as a management tool to propose alternatives for improving employee performance.
Acceso abierto
Estudio de la automedicación en pobladores que asisten a una conocida cadena de boticas de la urbanización Progreso del distrito de Carabayllo agosto–setiembre 2013
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2013) Gutiérrez Romero, Nancy Rocío; Huallpa Meza, Elizabeth Melissa; Caldas Herrera, Emma
The voluntary use of unknown medications or those previously prescribed by a physician constitutes an act that may cause harm to the patient who ingests them. Therefore, the present research aims to study the percentage of self-medication, the symptoms, the therapeutic group, the main causes, and the level of knowledge about the consequences of self-medicating among the residents of the Progreso neighborhood in the district of Carabayllo, aged between 21 and 65 years, during the months of August and September 2013. The results indicate that 88.3% of the studied population admitted to self-medicating. This problem is associated with the most frequent symptoms: pain (27.5%), respiratory conditions (18.9%), and inflammation (11.2%). The most frequently used therapeutic groups were analgesics (31.4%), antibiotics (23.7%), and anti-inflammatory drugs (10.7%). The main causes were recommendations from third parties (63.9%), lack of money (62.7%), and the use of previous prescriptions (60.1%). The level of knowledge about the consequences of self-medication in the studied population was 44.5%, while 55.5% were unaware of the issue.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de los factores que conllevan a la automedicación con antibióticos en dos establecimientos farmacéuticos de una cadena de boticas, enero–abril, 2012
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2013) Páucar Huamali, Judith Erika; Segundo Huamán, Maribel Cristina; Torres Veliz, Ernesto Raúl
The present work is a study related to the determination of the factors that lead to self-medication, which is a frequent activity among people. The objective is to determine the factors that generate the self-medication of antibiotics in two establishments of a pharmacy chain in the districts of La Molina and Breña (January–April, 2012), in a sample of 200 people between 20 and 65 years old, selected by non-probabilistic and convenience sampling. Many factors influence this practice, among which social factors stand out (mainly family members), with 22% in Breña. These provide an alternative solution to health problems based on personal experience. Another factor is previous prescriptions, with 27% in La Molina. Economic factors influencing self-medication include unemployment and low family income (20% in Breña, compared to 9% unemployment and 15% low income in La Molina). Cultural factors include the low educational level of people, especially housewives (43% in Breña) and professionals (31% in La Molina). It was also found that the district of Breña had a higher percentage of antibiotic dispensing without a medical prescription; in this regard, the female gender showed greater frequency (67%) compared to the district of La Molina (59%). The age group that demanded the most was between 26 and 35 years, with 46% in La Molina and 61% in Breña. Those without access to health services self-medicated, with a higher proportion among those who knew the therapeutic indications of the drugs used than among those who were unaware of their risks. The most frequent reasons for self-medication were respiratory infection (46% in La Molina and 49% in Breña), followed by urinary infection (28% in La Molina and 18% in Breña). The most frequently used antibiotics were azithromycin (26%) in La Molina and ciprofloxacin (23%) in Breña.
Acceso abierto
Análisis bacteriológico del agua de la fuente de abastecimiento y de jeringa triple de las unidades dentales de clínicas odontológicas en Tarma (Junín), período octubre 2012–febrero 2013
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2013) Liñán Trujillo, José Luis; Reynozo Gálvez, Cecilia Elisa; Chávez Fernández, Ana María
In the determination of the bacteriological quality of the water from the supply source and the three-way (air–water) syringe used in the dental units of dental clinics in the city of Tarma (Junín), sampling was conducted in 25 dental clinics with continuous service, for a total of 30 water samples: 5 from the supply source and 25 from the three-way syringe. Counts were made of heterotrophic bacteria, total coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms, Escherichia coli and the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, using the membrane filtration method based on Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (AWWA, APHA and WEF), and following the guidelines of the Peruvian Ministry of Health (MINSA) Regulation on Water Quality for Human Consumption. Culture media and glassware were prepared and sterilized at Félix Mayorca Soto Hospital. The analysis of potable water samples was carried out in the laboratory of the Pharmacy technical programme at Instituto Santa Lucía in the city of Tarma (Junín). At all times, the work was supported by specialized professionals in the Clinical Laboratory area. It was observed that the five supply-source water samples showed absence of total coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and fewer than 500 CFU of heterotrophic bacteria. In contrast, analysis of the 25 three-way syringe water samples showed the presence of total coliforms in 88% of the dental offices, fecal coliforms in 32%, heterotrophic bacteria in 20%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 16%, and Escherichia coli in 8%. Therefore, only three water samples from the dental clinics complied with the parameters established by MINSA.
Acceso abierto
Estudio fitoquímico y evaluación de la toxicidad aguda del extracto hidroalcohólico de las hojas frescas de Tanacetum vulgare L., "Palma real"
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2013) Chávez Gonzales, Luz Marina; Gutiérrez Condori, Darwin Armando; Chávez Flores, Juana Elvira
A phytochemical and toxicological study of the hydroalcoholic extract of fresh leaves of Tanacetum vulgare L. (“Palma real”) was carried out. The species was collected in the district of Tamburco, Province of Abancay, Department of Apurímac. A hydroalcoholic extraction of the fresh leaves was performed. Through solubility tests and phytochemical analysis, it was determined that the extract is soluble in polar solvents and contains primary metabolites such as carbohydrates and free amino groups, as well as secondary metabolites including alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds. Alkaloids were extracted using an alkaline medium; a fraction (F1) was identified by thin-layer chromatography, employing a MeOH-CHCl₃ solvent system (1:1.5 v/v), and subsequently isolated by preparative chromatography. A possible chemical structure was identified through ultraviolet-visible and infrared spectroscopic analyses, revealing amino, carbonyl, and aromatic groups. For the toxicological study, the Betancourt method was applied, using an acute toxicity model with a limit dose of 2000 mg/kg in Mus musculus Balb/C-53 mice. Histopathological sections of perfused organs showed damage to the liver and kidney. Very mild toxicity was observed in the stomach, while the lung preserved its histopathological structure.

Navegar

Examinando Farmacia y Bioquímica por Fecha de publicación